EU Study Confirms Hyperloop’s Potential but Warns: Commercial Use Unlikely Before 2035

The European Commission has published the results of a study analysing the feasibility of introducing hyperloop technology into the European transport system and assessing how the EU could support its further development.

According to the study, several European research and engineering teams are currently working on fully functional hyperloop prototypes. The creation of specialised research infrastructure, such as the European Hyperloop Centre (EHC) in the Netherlands, and preparations for test track construction in Spain and Poland, show that the technology has moved beyond theoretical concepts and is beginning to progress toward real-world application.

Significant Sustainability Potential

The study points out that if powered by renewable energy sources, hyperloop systems could make a major contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, hyperloop operation would be considerably more environmentally friendly than air, road, or conventional rail transport. Other advantages include limited land use, as hyperloop lines could run in tunnels or enclosed tubes, low noise levels, and resilience to extreme weather conditions. These factors make hyperloop a promising addition to achieving Europe’s sustainable mobility goals.

On the other hand, the technology remains financially demanding. The study estimates the construction cost per kilometre between EUR 20 million and EUR 36 million, excluding the costs of stations, land acquisition, or vehicle (capsule) development.

While engineers predict lower operating costs than rail or air transport—thanks to higher automation, electric propulsion, and minimal wear and tear—these projections are not yet verified. The high uncertainty regarding investment returns means that most current hyperloop projects are not yet bankable, and their realisation will require substantial public-sector support.

Commercial Deployment Expected After 2035

The study’s forecasts for commercial hyperloop use remain conservative. The first operational routes suitable for regular service are not expected before 2035, and more likely after 2040. A fully developed hyperloop network across Europe could emerge around 2060 at the earliest. The report also predicts that initial commercial use will focus on freight transport, with passenger services to follow later.

The study concludes that hyperloop technology should not replace conventional rail or other forms of transport. Instead, it should complement existing systems, enhancing Europe’s multimodal connectivity. Therefore, future hyperloop routes should be planned in connection with current European transport corridors, ensuring seamless integration rather than competition.

The text was prepared in cooperation with VP Rail Consult s.r.o., publisher of railway monitoring materials.